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1.
Psych J ; 12(6): 838-843, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37681239

RESUMO

The present research studied the bidirectional effects of working memory (WM) capacity and emotional regulation; that is, the effect of WM capacity on spontaneous emotional regulation and whether the emotional valence to be regulated has a differential impact on performance in a second WM task. Participants (79) first completed a WM span task (Digit Span), then a self-report emotional intelligence task, which was followed by randomly assigned mock Positive-feedback, Negative-feedback, or No-feedback. In the Negative-feedback and Positive-feedback conditions, a dummy report based on participants' responses to the Trait Meta Mood- 21 was shown on the screen. After that, participants completed another WM task (Running Span). An ordinary least squares multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the predictive power of WM span and experimental condition on post-feedback test performance. The model yielded a significant effect on post-feedback test performance for Negative-feedback and a marginal significant effect for the interaction of this parameter with WM span. The results showed that participants in the Negative-feedback condition performed worse than those assigned to other conditions, and individuals with a higher WM capacity were less susceptible to negative experimental stimuli.


Assuntos
Regulação Emocional , Memória de Curto Prazo , Humanos , Memória de Curto Prazo/fisiologia , Emoções/fisiologia
2.
Interdisciplinaria ; 37(1): 31-32, jun. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1124926

RESUMO

Resumen Comprender un texto es una actividad cognitiva compleja que implica la construcción de una representación mental coherente en la memoria. Un proceso importante para ello es la generación de inferencias. La memoria de trabajo ha mostrado ser un factor cognitivo importante para explicar las diferencias en comprensión e inferencias, al igual que la capacidad de sostener la atención. El propósito del presente trabajo consiste en estudiar la relación entre la memoria de trabajo y la atención sostenida en la comprensión de narraciones en niños de 5 y 6 años. Para ello, se trabajó con una muestra de 100 niños, quienes escucharon tres textos narrativos y respondieron preguntas acerca de su contenido literal e inferencial, y además realizaron dos pruebas de memoria de trabajo y una de atención sostenida. Los resultados indican que los niños de 6 años muestran desempeños mejores y significativos en la comprensión de información literal y en la respuesta a preguntas de inferencia que los niños de 5 años. Además, el análisis de correlación mostró que las medidas de comprensión se hallan vinculadas a medidas de atención sostenida y a medidas de memoria de trabajo. El análisis de senderos sugiere que, en niños de 5 y 6 años, las mejoras logradas en la comprensión general como producto de la edad están mediadas, en parte, por la capacidad del niño para mantener la atención en la narración y almacenar temporalmente la información recibida en la memoria de trabajo mientras la escucha.


Abstract Text comprehension involves the construction of a coherent mental representation, which requires the person to build bridges between the new information and the background knowledge. In adults, establishing associations between information provided by the text is frequently an automatic skill, while for children it implies an important cognitive effort. This ability develops gradually over time and is connected to the generation of inferences. Working memory and the ability to sustain attention are considered two crucial processes for comprehension. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of working memory and sustained attention in the comprehension of narratives in 5 and 6-year-old children. The study included 100 children of 5 and 6 years of age, of both sexes, that participated with the informed consent of their parents. Three oral texts were narrated to the children by a professional storyteller. For each text, six questions were asked: three of literal content and three of inferential content. Additionally, two working memory tasks were administered with one task of sustained attention. Three analyses were performed: First, a correlation analysis, to study the associations between comprehension, working memory, and sustained attention measures. Then, a comparison analysis of comprehension, working memory, and sustained attention scores between ages 5 and 6. And finally, a path analysis to study the role of age, sustained attention, and working memory on comprehension. Spearman Rho analyses in the whole sample show that literal comprehension had a significant correlation with forward digit span (Rho = .37, p < .001), backward digit span (Rho = .37, p < .001), and with the sustained attention task (Rho = -.37, p < .001). Inferences showed a significant correlation with forward digit span (Rho = .36, p < .001), backward digit span (Rho = .46, p < .001), and with the sustained attention task (Rho = -.37, p < .001). Sustained attention measures showed a significant correlation with forward digit span (Rho = -.34, p < .001) and with backward digit span (Rho = -.37, p < .001). The comparison analysis indicated significant differences between 5- and 6-year-olds in sustained attention measures (t(98) = 3.08, SEM = 5.41, p < .01), literal comprehension (t(98) = 4.05, SEM = 0.59, p < .001), and inferences (U = 750.50, z = 3.50, p < .001), but not in forward digit span (t(98) = 1.43, SEM = 0.34, p = .16) and backward digit span (U = 1043.50, z = 1.49, p = .14). A model of interrelation was proposed with age as independent variable, comprehension as dependent variable, and working memory and sustained attention as mediating variables, being comprehension, a latent factor formed by literal comprehension and inferences, and working memory another latent factor formed by forward digits and backward digits span. The path analysis showed a good fit of the data to the model (c2(5) = 1.93, p = .86; AGFI = .97, CFI = .99, TLI = .99, RMSEA = .00). The analysis showed that 6-year-olds perform better than 5-year-olds in literal and inferential information, and in sustained attention, but not in working memory. The correlation analyses, on the other hand, indicated that comprehension measures are associated to working memory and sustained attention scores and the path analysis indicated that both working memory and sustained attention play a role in comprehension. This suggests that, in 5 and 6-year-olds, age has an effect on the comprehension of general information and the ability to generate inferences, but this effect is mediated, in part, by the child's ability to sustain attention on the narration and to temporarily store the information received while listening to it.

3.
Liberabit ; 25(1): 71-84, jun.-dic. 2019. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1056693

RESUMO

Antecedentes: el razonamiento mecánico (RM) es la habilidad para identificar los componentes de un sistema y comprender como estos interactúan para que el sistema funcione. Distintos sistemas mecánicos, como de rueda y de engranaje, requieren diferentes tipos de razonamiento. Objetivo: este trabajo busca analizar la relación de la MT y la velocidad de procesamiento (VP) con el RM. Método: para ello, se administraron a 173 estudiantes universitarios 30 problemas de RM del test DAT, el sub-test Búsqueda de Símbolos de la batería WAIS-III para evaluar VP y las baterías BIMET-V y BIMET-VE para evaluar los componentes verbal y visoespacial de la MT. Resultados: los análisis de regresión mostraron que las variables propuestas no predicen el rendimiento en problemas de engranajes, mientras que la MT viso-espacial y la VP predicen el rendimiento en problemas de rueda. Discusión: los resultados sugieren que los problemas de engranaje tienen una baja demanda ejecutiva al poder resolverse de forma fraccionada, mientras que los problemas de rueda requieren sostener en memoria la totalidad de los componentes que forman parte del sistema, a la vez que requieren mayor carga atencional.


Background: mechanical reasoning (MR) is the ability to identify the components of a system and understand how they interact in order for the system to work. Different mechanical systems, such as those of wheels and gears, require different types of reasoning. Objective: this study seeks to analyze the relationship that working memory (WM) and processing speed (PS) have with MR. Method: one hundred seventy-three (173) university students were assessed through the DAT test which consisted of 30 MR problems, the symbol search subtest of the WAIS-III battery for assessing the PS, and the BIMET-V and BIMET-VE batteries to evaluate the WM verbal and visuospatial components. Results: regression analyses showed that the proposed variables do not predict the performance in gear problems, while the visuospatial WM and the PS predict the performance in wheel problems. Discussion: the results suggest that gear problems have a low executive demand as they can be solved in a fractional way, while wheel problems require to hold in memory all the components that are part of the system and, at the same time, require a higher attentional load.

4.
Investig. psicol ; 24(1): 26-34, jun. 2019.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1370839

RESUMO

La resolución de problemas aritméticos es una actividad cognitiva compleja, de particular dificultad para niños y niñas, que implica poder identificar los componentes relevantes, las relaciones entre ellos y poder llevar a cabo los cómputos necesarios. Distintos estudios han buscado las variables predictoras de esta capacidad, centrándose en uno de dos aspectos: la competencia matemática del niño/a o su comprensión de texto. El propósito del presente trabajo consistió en estudiar si la incidencia de uno u otro sobre la resolución de problemas en niños y niñas de 4 y 5 años se modifica por la inclusión simultánea de ambos en un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales. A su vez, existe amplia evidencia que sugiere que habilidades de dominio general, como la memoria de trabajo, influyen significativamente sobre la capacidad matemática y de comprensión de texto de los sujetos. Por este motivo, se estudió, adicionalmente, la presencia de un efecto indirecto de la memoria de trabajo verbal y visoespacial y del conocimiento previo sobre la resolución de problemas aritméticos, mediado por las otras dos habilidades. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que, a esta edad, solo la habilidad matemática tiene un efecto directo significativo sobre la resolución de problemas, y la memoria de trabajo, tanto visual como verbal, un efecto indirecto. Asimismo, se observó que ambos componentes de la memoria de trabajo se vinculan con la capacidad matemática, pero sólo la verbal con la comprensión de texto. Por otro lado, el conocimiento previo sólo parece vincularse con la comprensión


The resolution of arithmetic word problems is a complex cognitive activity which requires the subject to identify the relevant elements, the relationships between them and to be able to carry out the necessary computations. Different studies have searched for predictive variables of this capacity, focusing on one of two aspects: the child's mathematical competence or his or her text comprehension. The purpose of the present work was to study if the incidence of one or the other on the resolution of arithmetic problems in children of 4 and 5 years of age is modified by the simultaneous inclusion of both in a structural equation model (SEM). Additionally, there is ample evidence to suggest that general domain abilities, such as working memory, significantly influence the subject's mathematical and comprehension capacity. That is why we also studied the presence of an indirect effect of verbal and visuospatial working memory, as well as the child's previous knowledge, on the resolution of arithmetic problems, mediated by the other two skills. The results suggest that, at this age, only mathematical ability has a significant direct effect on the resolution of problems, and that working memory, both visual and verbal, have an indirect effect over it. Likewise, both components of working memory are linked with mathematical ability, but only verbal working memory with text comprehension. On the other hand, prior knowledge seems to be associated with text comprehension


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Conceitos Matemáticos , Resolução de Problemas , Memória de Curto Prazo
5.
Investig. psicol ; 24(1): 43-49, jun. 2019.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1371331

RESUMO

La inteligencia emocional percibida está compuesta por tres factores: la atención a las emociones, la claridad emocional, y la reparación de las emociones (Salovey, Mayer, Goldman, Turvey, & Palfai, 1995). El objetivo de este trabajo es comparar y estudiar las características de la inteligencia emocional percibida en diferentes etapas de la vida. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 456 sujetos, a quienes se les administró el TMMS-21. Se hallaron diferencias en el nivel de atención y recuperación, tanto en la muestra general como en el grupo de mujeres, siendo los adultos quienes reportaron menores índices. Por otro lado, la edad resultó ser un predictor significativo del nivel de atención y reparación. Se explican las diferencias halladas a la luz del desarrollo cognitivo que afectaría la percepción que el sujeto tiene sobre sus habilidades emocionales


Perceived emotional intelligence is composed of three factors: the attention to emotions, emotional clarity and the repair of emotions (Salovey, Mayer, Goldman, Turvey y Palfai, 1995). The purpose of this work is to compare and study the characteristics of perceived emotional intelligence in different stages of life. The sample consisted of 456 subjects, who were administered the TMMS-21. Differences were found in attention and recovery levels, both in the general sample and in the group of women, with adults reporting lower rates. On the other hand, age was a significant predictor of the subject's level of attention and reparation. These differences are explained by the cognitive development that would affect the perception that the subject has about their emotional abilities.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Emoções , Cognição , Inteligência Emocional
6.
Trends Psychol ; 27(1): 53-67, Jan.-Mar. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-991770

RESUMO

Abstract Working memory refers to all the systems and processes linked to the maintenance and active retention of information relevant to the performance and execution of complex cognitive tasks. Individual differences in working memory have been shown to explain differences in other cognitive abilities, such as comprehension and reasoning. The purpose of the present work was to study the relationship between verbal working memory, verbal reasoning and text comprehension, for which a verbal working memory battery was designed and validated: The verbal Computerized Working Memory Battery (Batería Informatizada de Memoria de Trabajo Verbal [BIMeT-V]). Results showed that the tests administered presented a very good reliability due to internal consistency and, in terms of validity, two latent factors saturated the tests: one of storage and one of storage and concurrent processing of verbal information. Likewise, verbal reasoning skills and the ability to comprehend expository texts are supported by working memory's concurrent storage and processing of verbal information, and to a lesser extent, or with a lesser role, the verbal information storage component.


Resumo A memória de trabalho refere-se a todos os sistemas e processos ligados à manutenção ativa e à retenção de informações relevantes para a execução de tarefas cognitivas complexas. As diferenças individuais na memória de trabalho mostraram estar ligadas com as diferenças nas habilidades, como a compreensão e raciocínio. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a relação entre a memória de trabalho verbal, o raciocínio verbal e a compreensão, para o qual foi projetada e validada uma bateria de memória de trabalho verbal (Bateria de memória de trabalho verbalizada computadorizada, BIMeT-V). Os resultados mostraram que os testes administrados mostraram uma boa confiabilidade em relação a consistência interna, quanto à validade, dois fatores latentes saturavam os testes: um fator de armazenamento e outro de armazenamento e processamento simultâneo. Da mesma forma, as habilidades de raciocínio verbal e de compreensão são tarefas que são suportadas pela capacidade verbal de armazenamento e processamento simultâneo da memória de trabalho e, em menor grau, ou com um papel menos relevante, com o componente do armazenamento de informações verbais.


Resumen La memoria de trabajo se refiere a todos aquellos sistemas y procesos vinculados con el mantenimiento activo y la retención de información relevante para la ejecución de tareas cognitivas complejas. Diferencias individuales en memoria de memoria han mostrado explicar diferencias en habilidades, tales como la comprensión y el razonamiento. El propósito del presente trabajo consistió en estudiar la relación entre la memoria de trabajo verbal, el razonamiento verbal y la comprensión, para ello se diseño y validó una batería de memoria de trabajo verbal (Batería Informatizada de Memoria de Trabajo Verbal; BIMeT-V). Los resultados mostraron que las pruebas administradas mostraron una muy buena confiabilidad por consistencia interna, y en relación a la validez, dos factores latentes saturaron las pruebas: un factor del almacenamiento y otro de almacenamiento y procesamiento concurrente. Asimismo, las habilidades de razonamiento verbal y de comprensión son tareas que son soportadas por la capacidad verbal de almacenamiento y procesamiento concurrente de la memoria de trabajo, y en menor medida, o con un rol menos relevante el componente de almacenamiento de información verbal.

7.
Eur J Psychol ; 14(3): 632-643, 2018 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30263075

RESUMO

Emotional intelligence includes self-perception regarding attention to feelings, clarity of feelings and mood repair. The aim of this work is to study the relationship between emotional intelligence, self-concept, and self-esteem. The sample included 137 adolescents from Buenos Aires City, that attended middle school, with a mean age of 13.12 years old (SD = 1.79). Correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were performed. Results showed significant positive correlations between self-esteem and clarity of feelings on the complete sample and the female subsample, and between mood repair and self-esteem on the male subsample. The linear regression analyses showed results on the same line. It´s concluded that positive self-evaluation regarding emotions, emotion comprehension and recovery can minimize the effect of negative experiences.

8.
Trends Psychol ; 26(3): 1249-1266, jul.-set. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-963074

RESUMO

Abstract This study sought to characterize the performance of children in an arithmetic word problem test regarding choice of strategy, type of operation and age. It also analyzed possible links between the resolution of addition and subtraction problems, processing speed and working memory. Four tests were administered with 233 children of 4, 5 and 6 years of age from Buenos Aires, Argentina: (a) an arithmetic word problem test, (b) the Corsi block tapping test, (c) a digit span test, and (d) a reaction time task. Results showed a significant increase in precision when solving arithmetic word problems between ages 4 and 6. While 4-year-old children relied mainly on visual aids to solve the problems, 5 and 6-year-olds incorporated finger counting and mental calculation as efficient strategies. Arithmetic scores were associated with both verbal and visuospatial working memory scores. While only the visuospatial component predicted accuracy in the children that depended on visual aids or finger counting, both components of working memory predicted the performance of the children that primarily used mental calculation.


Resumo A presente pesquisa procurou estudar o desempenho das crianças na resolução de problemas aritméticos ao analisar à estratégia, o tipo de operação e a idade. Também se analisou possíveis relações entre a resolução de adições e subtrações, a velocidade de processamento e a memória de trabalho. Quatro testes foram administrados a 233 crianças de 4, 5 e 6 anos: (a) Um de problema aritmético, (b) A tarefa de blocos de Corsi, (c) A retenção de dígitos, (d) Uma tarefa de tempo de reação. Os resultados mostraram um aumento significativo na precisão para resolver problemas de aritmética entre 4 e 6 anos. Aos 4 anos a estratégia mais eficaz foi o uso dos recursos visuais, e aos 5 e 6 anos foram mais eficazes a contagem com os dedos e o cálculo mental. As pontuações nos problemas aritméticos associaram-se com a capacidade de memória de trabalho verbal e viso-espacial. No caso das crianças que usaram recursos visuais ou a contagem com os dedos para resolver operações, o componente da memória de trabalho que significativamente previu o seu desempenho foi o viso-espacial. Enquanto as crianças que fizeram uso do cálculo mental, os dois componentes da memória de trabalho previram o seu desempenho.


Resumen El presente estudio buscó caracterizar el desempeño de niños en problemas aritméticos teniendo en cuenta la estrategia utilizada, el tipo de operación y la edad. Se analizó, además, los posibles vínculos entre la resolución de operaciones, la velocidad de procesamiento y la memoria de trabajo. Se administraron cuatro pruebas a 233 niños de 4, 5 y 6 años de edad de Buenos Aires, Argentina: (a) problemas aritméticos, (b) bloques de Corsi, (c) span de dígitos, (d) tiempos de reacción. Se observó un aumento en la precisión en problemas aritméticos entre los 4 y los 6 años. Los niños de 4 años recurrieron principalmente a ayudas visuales, mientras que los niños de 5 y 6 años utilizaron mayormente el conteo de dedos y el cálculo mental. Los puntajes en problemas aritméticos se asociaron con los obtenidos para los componentes verbal y viso-espacial de la memoria de trabajo. En el caso de los niños que dependían de ayudas visuales o conteo con dedos para resolver las operaciones el componente que predijo de forma significativa su rendimiento fue el viso-espacial, mientras que ambos componentes de la memoria de trabajo predijeron el rendimiento de aquellos niños que utilizaban principalmente el cálculo mental.

9.
Investig. psicol ; 23(1): 27-35, abr. 2018.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-970850

RESUMO

Ciertas habilidades matemáticas básicas que se desarrollan durante la infancia son consideradas nucleares para la posterior adquisición de habilidades más complejas. Conocer su desarrollo puede facilitar la detección de dificultades en niños de forma temprana y la planificación de intervenciones tempranas. Éste estudio se propuso describir el rendimiento de niños de 4, 5 y 6 años en una serie de pruebas destinadas a evaluar estimación y discriminación de cantidades, conteo, subitización, resolución de problemas aritméticos, conocimiento de la serie numérica y comprensión de numerales arábigos. Participaron 206 niños de entre 46 a 83 meses, 112 niñas y 94 niños. Se evaluó el rendimiento de los tres grupos de edad en las tareas de habilidades matemáticas tempranas. Se observaron asociaciones significativas entre las distintas variables (p <0.05), así como diferencias en el rendimiento entre los grupos de edad (F(20, 390) = 14.93; P < .001 ; η = .44).


Certain basic mathematical skills that develop during childhood are considered core numerical abilities for the subsequent acquisition of more complex ones. Knowing their development can facilitate the early detection of difficulties in children and the design of appropriate interventions. This study aimed to describe the performance of children of 4, 5 and 6 years of age in a series of tests designed to assess estimation and discrimination of quantities, counting, subitizing, arithmetic problem solving, knowledge of the counting sequence and understanding of Arabic numerals. These were administered to 206 children, between 46 and 83 months of age, of which 112 were female and 94 male. Results showed significant associations between the different measures (p <0.05), as well as differences in performance between the age groups (F(20, 390) = 14.93, p <.001, η = .44).


Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Criança , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Conceitos Matemáticos
10.
Trends Psychol ; 26(1): 413-427, jan.-mar. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-904552

RESUMO

Abstract Working memory is an active memory system serving the realization of complex cognitive tasks. Over the last decades' research has centered on studying the relationship of this memory system or any of its components with different cognitive functions, such as intelligence. The aim of this study is to analyze the relation between visuospatial working memory, processing speed and general intelligence, and the possible mediation role of some of these variables. To carry out this work, two studies were conducted. On Study 1 participated212 Spanish speaking college students, and a Spanish visuospatial working memory battery was designed and validated -the visuospatial Computerized Working Memory Battery (Batería Informatizada de Memoria de Trabajo Viso-Espacial; BIMeT-VE)-. On Study 2 participated 114 Spanish speaking college students, and the relationship among visuospatial working memory, processing speed and general intelligence was analyzed. The results showed that general intelligence is directly supported by the processing speed and to maintain visuospatial information for short periods of time, and indirectly by the ability to concurrently process visuospatial information.


Resumo A memória de trabalho é um sistema de memória ativo ao serviço da realização de tarefas cognitivas complexas. Nas últimas décadas as pesquisas têm-se centrado em estudar a relação entre a memória de trabalho ou seus subsistemas e outras funções cognitivas, como a inteligência. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a relação entre a memória de trabalho visuoespacial, a velocidade de processamento e a inteligência geral, e o possível papel mediador destas variáveis. Por esta razão, foram feitos dois estudos. No primeiro desenhou-se e validou-se a Bateria Computorizada de Memória de Trabalho Visual e Espacial (BIMeT-VE) numa amostra de 212 estudantes universitários. No segundo estudo que envolveu 114 estudantes universitários analisou-se a relação entre a memória de trabalho visual e espacial, a velocidade de processamento e a inteligência geral. Os resultados mostraram que a inteligência geral está diretamente associada com a velocidade de processamento e com a habilidade de manter a informação visual e espacial a curto prazo, e indiretamente pela habilidade de processar informação visual e espacial de maneira simultânea.


Resumen La memoria de trabajo es un sistema de memoria activo al servicio de la realización de tareas cognitivas complejas. En las últimas décadas las investigaciones se han centrado sobre la relación de este sistema de memoria o alguno de sus componentes con diferentes funciones cognitivas, como la inteligencia. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la relación entre la memoria de trabajo viso-espacial, la velocidad de procesamiento y la inteligencia general, y evaluar el posible rol mediador de alguna de estas variables. Para ello se realizaron dos estudios. En el Estudio 1 se diseñó y validó la Batería Informatizada de Memoria de Trabajo Viso-Espacial (BIMeT-VE) con 212 estudiantes universitarios hispanoparlantes. En el Estudio 2, en el que participaron 114 estudiantes universitarios hispanoparlantes se estudió la relación entre la memoria de trabajo viso-espacial, la velocidad de procesamiento y la inteligencia general. Los resultados mostraron que la inteligencia general está directamente relacionada con la velocidad de procesamiento y con la habilidad de mantener información viso-espacial por breves períodos de tiempo, e indirectamente por la habilidad de procesar concurrentemente información viso-espacial.

11.
Subj. procesos cogn ; 22(2): 38-56, 2018.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1000338

RESUMO

La inteligencia emocional percibida está compuesta por la percepción sobre la atención a las emociones, la claridad con la que se perciben y la capacidad para recuperación de los estados de ánimo negativo. La necesidad de pertenencia se plantea como una necesidad humana universal y toma particular importancia durante la adolescencia. Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre la inteligencia emocional y la necesidad de pertenencia, estudiando posibles diferencias entre los sexos. Participantes: 399 adolescentes de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Materiales: Se administró la TMMS-21 y la prueba Necesidad de Pertenencia. Resultados: El factor de inteligencia emocional atención a las emociones mostró estar relacionado con la necesidad de pertenencia, en la muestra general. Esta asociación se replica solo en el caso de los varones quizás porque los niveles de atención son, en general, mayores en las mujeres. En el caso de las mujeres se encontró una asociación positiva entre recuperación y miedo al rechazo. Los resultados parecen mostrar una mayor necesidad de pertenencia en varones y un mayor miedo al rechazo en mujeres. (AU)


Perceived emotional intelligence includes a person's attention to emotions, the clarity with which they are perceived and their capacity for recovery of negative moods. Need for belonging is a universal human need and is particularly important during adolescence. Objective: To analyze the relationship between emotional intelligence and need for belonging, studying possible differences between genders. Participants: 399 adolescents in Buenos Aires City, Argentina. Materials: TMMS-21, and the Necessity of Belonging. Results: In the complete sample, attention to emotions was related to need for belonging. This association is replicated only in the case of men, perhaps because the levels of care are, in general, higher in women. In the case of women, a positive association between recovery and fear of rejection was found. The results seem to show a greater need for belonging in men and a greater fear of rejection in women. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Pesquisa , Inteligência Emocional , Argentina , Psicologia , Psicologia do Adolescente
12.
Liberabit ; 23(2): 233-245, jul.- dic. 2017. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-884375

RESUMO

El propósito de este trabajo consistió en estudiar la relación entre la memoria de trabajo, la capacidad de sostener la atención y la generación de inferencias explicativas-repositivas en la comprensión de textos expositivos. Para ello, 120 alumnos universitarios leyeron dos textos expositivos del área de las ciencias naturales y completaron un cuestionario de generación de inferencia, junto con cuatro pruebas de memoria de trabajo verbal y dos pruebas que miden la capacidad de sostener la atención sobre una tarea. Los resultados indicaron que el componenente ejecutivo de la memoria de trabajo verbal tienen un efecto directo sobre la generación de inferencias, mientras la capacidad de sostener la atención y el almacenamiento de información en la memoria de trabajo verbal tienen un efecto indirecto mediado por el componente ejecutivo. Esto sugiere que las diferencias individuales en la generación de inferencias están vinculadas a las diferencias inviduales en la memoria de trabajo, y también a las diferencias individuales en la capacidad de sostener la atención.


The aim of this work was to study the relationship between working memory, sustained attention and explanatory inference generation in expository texts comprehension. To this end, 120 undergraduate students read two expository texts from natural sciences and completed an inference generation questionnaire, along with four verbal working memory tasks and two sustained attention tasks. The results showed that the executive component of verbal working memory has a direct effect on inference generation, while sustained attention and information storage in verbal working memory have an indirect effect mediated by the executive component. This supports the idea that individual differences in inference generation are related to individual differences in working memory, and also to individual differences in the ability to sustain attention.

13.
Span J Psychol ; 20: E27, 2017 Jun 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28578725

RESUMO

Researchers have focused on identifying the mechanisms involved in subitizing and its differences with estimation. Some suggest that subitizing relies on a visual indexing system in charge of the simultaneous individuation of objects that is also used by visuospatial working memory (VSWM). In adults, studies found associations between subitizing and VSWM, in the absence of correlation between VSWM and estimation. The present study analyzed the performance of 120 4 and 6-year-old children in three tasks: dot enumeration to measure subitizing capacity, quantity discrimination for estimation, and Corsi Block-tapping task for VSWM. In the enumeration task RTs (F(9, 1062)=720.59, MSE=734394, p<.001, η2=.86) and errors (F(9, 1062)=42.15, MSE=.194, p<.001, η2=.26.) increased with the array, but this growth was statistically significant only from 4 dots onward. Each subject's subitizing range was estimated by fitting RTs with a sigmoid function of number of dots and obtaining the bend point of the curve. Data fit (age 4: R 2 = .88; SD = .08; age 6: R 2 = .91, SD = .08) showed a mean subitizing range of 2.79 (SD = .66) for 4 year-olds and of 3.11 (SD = .64) for 6 year-olds. Subitizing ranges and average RTs showed low association with storage (r = .274; p < .05; r = -.398; p < .001) and average RTs with concurrent processing (r = -.412; p < .001) in VSWM. Subitizing range and speed showed no association with estimation speed and a poor association with accuracy (r = .234, p < .01; r = -.398, p < .001), which suggests independent systems for small and large quantities. Subitizing and estimation measures correlated with VSWM (p < .01), which suggests that both processes may require VSWM resources.


Assuntos
Desenvolvimento Infantil/fisiologia , Julgamento/fisiologia , Conceitos Matemáticos , Memória de Curto Prazo/fisiologia , Reconhecimento Visual de Modelos/fisiologia , Desempenho Psicomotor/fisiologia , Percepção Espacial/fisiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino
14.
Suma psicol ; 24(1): 17-24, ene.-jun. 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-904056

RESUMO

RESUMEN El propósito de este trabajo consistió en estudiar la relación entre la memoria de trabajo, el conocimiento previo y la generación de inferencias en la comprensión de textos. Con este propósito, 167 estudiantes universitarios completaron pruebas de memoria de trabajo y cuestionarios sobre su conocimiento acerca del cambio climático y de astronomía; luego de la lectura de dos textos expositivos referidos a ambos temas, completaron un cuestionario sobre inferencias. Los resultados del análisis de correlaciones y del análisis de senderos muestran que si bien la memoria de trabajo y el conocimiento previo específico de dominio tienen una relación con la generación de inferencias explicativas-repositivas, hay una relación de interacción de mediación entre estas variables que explica el rol de ellas sobre la generación de inferencias.


ABSTRACT The aim of this research is to study the relationship between working memory, previous knowledge, and explanation-based inferences in expository text reading. To this effect, 167 undergraduates completed three working memory tasks, and two climate change and astronomy questionnaires, after reading two expository texts on these subjects. The results of the correlations and paths analyses show that, while working memory and specific previous domain knowledge are related to the generation of explanatory and reinstatement inferences, there is a mediation interaction relationship between these variables that explains their role in the generation of inferences.

15.
Subj. procesos cogn ; 21(2): 42-58, 2017.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-909728

RESUMO

El objetivo del este trabajo fue presentar un instrumento, la Batería de Habilidades Matemáticas Básicas (ad hoc), diseñado y validado para medir un conjunto amplio de habilidades matemáticas básicas en niños de 4 a 6 años y detectar posibles alteraciones de la función matemática de forma previa al ingreso del niño a la educación formal. Para ello se describió el desempeño en habilidades matemáticas básicas en niños de 4 años evaluados a partir de este instrumento. Adicionalmente, se analizó el grado de asociación entre el conocimiento de numerales arábigos y la discriminación de cantidades, y el valor predictivo de estas variables sobre la resolución de problemas aritméticos. Se observó que, si bien la comprensión y uso de arábigos y la discriminación de cantidades no se asocian entre sí, ambas predicen una habilidad matemática más compleja como la resolución de problemas aritméticos. (AU)


The aim of this study was to present an instrument, the Basic Mathematical Skills Battery (ad hoc), designed and validated to measure a broad set of basic mathematical skills in children of 4 to 6 years of age, and to detect possible alterations of the mathematical function prior to the child's entry into formal education. For this purpose, we assessed the performance of 4-year-olds with this instrument. Additionally, we analyzed the degree of association between the knowledge of Arabic numerals and the discrimination of quantities, and the predictive value of these variables on the resolution of arithmetic problems. We observed that, although the understanding and use of Arabic numerals and the discrimination of quantities are not associated with each other, both predict a more complex mathematical ability like the resolution of arithmetic problems. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Aptidão , Testes de Aptidão , Pré-Escolar , Matemática
16.
Span. j. psychol ; 20: e27.1-e27.11, 2017. tab, ilus, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-163292

RESUMO

Researchers have focused on identifying the mechanisms involved in subitizing and its differences with estimation. Some suggest that subitizing relies on a visual indexing system in charge of the simultaneous individuation of objects that is also used by visuospatial working memory (VSWM). In adults, studies found associations between subitizing and VSWM, in the absence of correlation between VSWM and estimation. The present study analyzed the performance of 120 4 and 6-year-old children in three tasks: dot enumeration to measure subitizing capacity, quantity discrimination for estimation, and Corsi Block-tapping task for VSWM. In the enumeration task RTs (F(9, 1062)=720.59, MSE=734394, p<.001, η2=.86) and errors (F(9, 1062)=42.15, MSE=.194, p<.001, η2=.26.) increased with the array, but this growth was statistically significant only from 4 dots onward. Each subject's subitizing range was estimated by fitting RTs with a sigmoid function of number of dots and obtaining the bend point of the curve. Data fit (age 4: R2 = .88; SD = .08; age 6: R2 = .91, SD = .08) showed a mean subitizing range of 2.79 (SD = .66) for 4 year-olds and of 3.11 (SD = .64) for 6 year-olds. Subitizing ranges and average RTs showed low association with storage (r = .274; p < .05; r = -.398; p < .001) and average RTs with concurrent processing (r = -412; p < .001) in VSWM. Subitizing range and speed showed no association with estimation speed and a poor association with accuracy (r = .234, p < .01; r = -.398, p < .001), which suggests independent systems for small and large quantities. Subitizing and estimation measures correlated with VSWM (p < .01), which suggests that both processes may require VSWM resources (AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Memória/fisiologia , Psicologia da Criança/métodos , Psicologia Experimental/métodos , Saúde Mental/normas , Estudantes/psicologia , Entrevista Psiquiátrica Padronizada/estatística & dados numéricos
17.
Acta investigación psicol. (en línea) ; 7(3): 2766-2774, abr. 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-949463

RESUMO

Resumen: Este trabajo buscó analizar si las variables memoria de trabajo (MT) verbal, MT visoespacial, velocidad de procesamiento y habilidad verbal pueden predecir la habilidad de los niños para el cálculo mental durante la realización de problemas aritméticos simples. Se administraron los subtests Vocabulario y Span de Dígitos del WISC-III; el subtest Casita de Animales del WPPSI-R y una prueba de problemas aritméticos (ad hoc) a 70 niños de 6 años. Un análisis de regresión lineal con el método stepwise mostró que solo la MT visoespacial predijo la variabilidad en las puntuaciones de cálculo mental (t=4.72; p<0.001; β=0.50). Los resultados son contrarios a estudios realizados en adultos y niños mayores en los cuales el mayor peso recae sobre la MT verbal. Es posible que a medida que los niños crecen la automatización de ciertos procesos de conteo y el almacenamiento de hechos aritméticos en la memoria de largo plazo produzca que dependan en mayor medida de la MT verbal para la resolución de este tipo de cálculos.


Abstract: This study aimed to analyze whether verbal working memory (WM), visual-spatial WM, processing speed, and verbal ability predicted children's ability to perform mental arithmetic. Five tests were administered to 70 6-years-old children: the Vocabulary and Digits Span subtests from the WISC-III Intelligence Scale, the Animal Pegs subtest from WPPSI-R, and an arithmetic test (ad hoc). A linear regression analysis showed that only visual-spatial WM predicted the variability in children's scores in the arithmetic test (t=4.72; P<.001; β=.50). These findings contradict studies carried out in adults and older children where verbal WM seemed to play a greater role in the subject's ability to conduct calculations without external aids. It is possible that as they grow older, the automation of certain counting processes, as well as the storage and recovery of arithmetic knowledge from long-term memory will cause them to rely primarily on verbal WM resources.

18.
Anu. investig. - Fac. Psicol., Univ. B. Aires ; 23(2): 245-250, nov. 2016. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-964379

RESUMO

El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar la relación entre la atención sostenida y el conocimiento previo con la comprensión de narraciones en niños de 4 años de edad. La muestra comprendía 30 niños a los que se les presentaron dos cuentos y se les solicitó que respondieran una serie de preguntas para evaluar comprensión de información literal y la generación de inferencias. Se utilizaron además una prueba de atención sostenida y un cuestionario de conocimiento previo. Los resultados demuestran la existencia de una asociación entre la comprensión de textos y el conocimiento previo, y se observa una relación diferenciada del conocimiento previo con distintos aspectos de la comprensión, comprobándose una asociación con la habilidad para generar inferencias, no así con la comprensión de información de tipo literal. Además, la atención sostenida posee valor predictivo sobre la comprensión de texto global, específicamente sobre la comprensión de información de tipo literal.


The aim of this project is to study the relationship between sustained attention and prior knowledge with narrative comprehension in 4 years-old children. For that purpose, two narrative stories and a questionnaire to assess comprehension of literal information and inference generation were administrated to 30 children. Also, a sustained attention test and a prior knowledge questionnaire were administrated. Results showed an association between text comprehension with prior knowledge, and an association of sustained attention with different aspects of text comprehension, observing an association with the ability to generate inferences, but not with literal information comprehension. Also, a predictive role of sustained attention on global comprehension and more specifically on literal information comprehension was found.


Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Criança , Narração , Compreensão , Atenção
19.
Liberabit ; 22(1): 21-29, ene.-jun.2016. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-790689

RESUMO

La habilidad de estimar y discriminar cantidades es de aparición temprana en el desarrollo y previa a la adquisición de un sistema numérico simbólico. El rendimiento en tareas de discriminación está modulado por la razón numérica que diferencia los conjuntos, de forma tal que razones más pequeñas resultan en comparaciones más lentas y menos efectivas. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar la precisión y velocidad con que niños de 4 y 6 años discriminan entre dos cantidades en función de la razón numérica que las diferencia. Método: se administró una tarea de discriminación no simbólica de cantidades (ad hoc) a 60 niños de 4 y 6 años de edad de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Se realizó un ANOVA de diseño mixto para analizar la cantidad de aciertos y los tiempos de reacción (TR) en función de la edad y la razón numérica que diferencia los conjuntos. Se utilizó la prueba de contraste de Bonferroni para detectar las diferencias en aciertos y TR entre cada razón. Resultados: (a) Los niños de 6 años mostraron TR más pequeños y mayor cantidad de aciertos que los niños de 4 años. Esto sugiere que la discriminación de cantidades atraviesa un proceso de desarrollo evolutivo. (b) Cuanto mayor fue la razón numérica en la diferenciación de los conjuntos, más efectiva fue la discriminación. Esto sugiere que la razón modula el rendimiento, independientemente de la edad del sujeto...


The ability to estimate and discriminate quantities is of early onset in the development and prior to the acquisition of a symbolic numerical system. The performance on tasks of discrimination is modulated by the number ratio that differentiates the sets, so that smaller reasons result in slower and less effective comparisons. The objective of the present study is to analyze the precision and speed by which 4 and 6 year old children discriminate between two quantities based on the number ratio that distinguishes them. Method: a discrimination task of non-symbolic quantities (ad hoc) was given to 60 children from 4 and 6 years old in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. A mixed ANOVA design was carried out to analyze the amount of hits and reaction times (RT) according to age, and the number ratio that differentiates the groups. The Bonferroni contrast test was used to detect the differences in hits and RT between each reasoning. Results: (a) children age 6 showed smaller RT and more hits than children age 4. This suggests that discrimination on the basis of quantities is undergoing a process of evolutionary development. (b) The greater the number ratio in the differentiation of the sets, the more effective the discrimination. This suggests that reason modulates performance regardless of the age of the subject...


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Conceitos Matemáticos , Discriminação Psicológica , Testes de Aptidão
20.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-965553

RESUMO

La memoria de trabajo se refiere al conjunto de procesos involucrados en el almacenamiento temporal y el procesamiento concurrente de información (Baddeley, 2010). Las pruebas de dígitos en orden inverso y de ordenamiento de dígitos y letras son tareas clásicas empleadas para evaluar la memoria de trabajo. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar datos acerca de las propiedades psicométricas de estas taras administradas en grupos. Las pruebas fueron administradas a 114 estudiantes universitarios. El análisis de fiabilidad indicó una muy buena consistencia interna de los ítems para las pruebas y el análisis factorial confirmatorio mostró un muy buen ajuste a un modelo de un factor en el que se agruparon ambas pruebas. Esto indica que las pruebas de dígitos en orden inverso y de ordenamiento de dígitos y letras son tareas válidas y confiables para evaluar la memoria de trabajo a través de administraciones grupales en formato visual.


Working Memory is a memory system involved in the storage and concurrent processing of information (Baddeley, 2010). Backward digit recall and letter-number subsequences are two traditional working memory tasks. The aim of the present study is to present psychometric properties of both tasks administered in groups. The tasks were administered to 114 university students. The reliability analysis showed an excellent internal consistency of both tasks, and a one factor model with an excellent fit to the data was observed using a confirmatory factor analysis. These results indicated that backward digit recall and letter-number subsequences tasks are reliable and valid measures to assess working memory for group administration in a visual format.


Assuntos
Adulto , Psicometria , Estudantes , Memória de Curto Prazo
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